Fundamentals of Public Administration: A Blueprint for Nigeria Innovative Public Sector

Introduction

This book is a blueprint to fundamentals to Public Administration on the developing and civilized countries. Nigerian with a population of about 140 million people with  250 ethnic groups equals the size of Washington State, Arizona, Washington State, and California in America. The capital of Nigeria—Abuja--was officially transferred from Lagos on December 12, 1991. Nigeria is endowed with abundant natural resources such as natural gas, petroleum, tin, columbite, iron ore, coal, limestone, lead, zinc, and arable land. Exports include cocoa, cotton, rubber and petroleum and petroleum products, 95% of which generates about $17.3 billion to the country’s economy. The World Bank Group (2003) classified Nigeria, along with other nations, as a poor nation in the sub-Saharan African region.

Since Nigerian got her Independence from the British in 1960, efforts to reform ethnic and cultural differences have had limited success. Although the reforms have fundamentally transformed the Nigerian state, they have not directly solved the problem of ethnic mobilization and conflict (Mustapha, 2004). As a consequence, plethora multitude of grievances from the various ethnic groups in Nigeria remains. Much of the politic activity in Nigeria after 1999 has been informed by these passions (Mustapha). However, Mustapha argued that the real problem lies not in the marginalization of this or that group per se, but in the inadequate formulation and implementation of previous reforms, their politicization, and the rising pressures of poverty. Mustapha stated that Nigeria has about 374 ethnic groups that are broadly divided into ethnic majorities and ethnic minorities. The major ethnic groups are the Hausa-Fulani of the north, the Yoruba of the southwest, and the Igbo of the southeast. These three hegemonic ethnic groups constituted 57.8% of the national population in the 1963 census. The other ethnicities constitute different degrees of minority status. The dominance of the national population by the three majority groups was further accentuated by the tripodal regional administrative structure of the 1950s, which gave each majority ethnic group a region. From this demographic and historical starting point, Nigeria has developed a tripolar ethnic structure that has formed the main context for ethnic mobilization and contestation.

Developed and developing countries have been changing dramatically because of globalization, cultural diversity, and widespread technology. In the business world, competition is fierce, and the market is global. Companies are becoming highly decentralized. Employees come from more diverse backgrounds, and they seek community participation in the workplace. A new kind of leadership is needed to meet these conditions. Organizations and developing countries are experiencing unprecedented environmental change because of globalization, the rapid transformation and dissemination of technologies, and the movement toward market-based socioeconomic systems.

There has been a radical change in organizations in relation to the economy, thanks to the elimination of ineffective and bureaucratically burdensome methods of direct intervention in the economic sphere. As Nigeria continues to develop as a democratic country and improve the effectiveness of its community leaders, it is important that the people learn how to cope with organizational change. It also is imperative that the public understand how organizations and their management leaders evolve and the factors involved in the leadership and organizational change process. Organizational change and leadership styles are important parts of a country’s culture. The speed at which sociocultural change occurs may be attributed to many controllable social and organizational change factors. The leadership of equality, which empowers diverse organizations or people, results in the sharing of power among employees as well as cultural equity. The community pursuit of social, economic, and cultural equality in decision making reflects the societal view that those who provide the resources are the leaders.

This book offers a wealth of advise for public managers, teachers, students, researchers, trainers, human resources managers, and readers. The author presented real life experiences from established leader development programs, government real cases of failed leadership programs, other collaborations, and U.S. government development programs within the present trends in the public sector partnerships. This book provides an overview of public administration and public policy, it covers both the American approach to public administration and developing countries especially Nigeria. It provides basic information, example, and real-life scenarios that will ensure citizen active participation to foster effective policy-making process. It discussed masterful compendium of current knowledge about the fossil fuels, source, distribution, and uses of energy in Nigeria. These chapters are designed to give students and public servants a fundamental understanding of the complex array of urban services provided by city and county governments. It provides concise overview of 17 core local government services in four functional areas. The unique resource succinctly captures what aspiring local government managers and public officials need to know about the history and the issues, challenging and practices involved in each municipal service. It is valuable contribution to the professional training of the next generation of municipal managers and an indispensable resource for those who serve or aspire to serve local government in any elected or appointed capacity.

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