Through the Years: A Living History of the Indiana University School of Medicine Department of Radiology 1906 - 2004

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scholars of distinction and addition of new courses of study in keeping with war experience and the state’s rapid economic progress.” Changing the general teaching program from an intensified wartime emergency operation to a more traditional routine in peacetime called for important readjustments throughout the medical school’s operation. Of primary importance was the re-assembling of a faculty and the return to a traditional nine-month, two-semester teaching schedule.

Earlier, the Medical Center had felt the effects of the Great Depression. Further restrictions to the school’s growth had come with the outbreak of World War II when the number of available medical students was reduced and the faculty depleted. Then came the brighter side to the picture. When the Indiana University School of Medicine became a training site for the Army Medical Corps, students under this program were enlisted into medical service, and the tuition and other educational costs were paid by the United States Army. Dr. Willis Gatch, in his tenure as dean, from 1932 to 1946, was dedicated to seeing growth in the I.U. Medical Center despite an economic depression and a war. Although he had a very low budget, he increased the full-time faculty of the medical school.

After the war, Dr. Campbell began receiving numerous requests for radiology training from doctors who had completed their military service. Dr. Willard Smullen and Dr. Warren Fischer were the first of the I.U. graduates leaving military service to begin residencies. Resident appointments were given to Dr. Smullen in 1945, Dr. Fischer in 1946, and Dr. Jack Loudermilk in 1947, giving the I.U. program a first-, second-, and third-year resident staff. Other residents coming on at this time were Drs. John (Jack) Little, Maurice Manalan, Richard Datzman, James Lorman, and Phillip Lockhart.

The first full-time radiology resident, Dr. Charles Roland, had been appointed in 1942. At the end of World War II, Dr. Campbell obtained certification from the resident review committee and, later, from the Joint Committee on Accreditation of Hospitals for probational approval of a three year radiology residency, making Dr. Roland eligible for examination by the American Board of Radiology. In the X-ray area of the Clinical Building, from 1942 through 1945, Dr. Roland trained one-on-one with the radiologists working there.

General Hospital was changing management. When its cost became excessive to the city, Indianapolis General Hospital in 1947 was taken over and operated by the Marion County government. The war effort had pulled able-bodied radiologists into the military and made a great demand for those not draft eligible. Dr. Marvin Hall, who had been assisting part time, had left the Beeler office to return to Arkansas, and in 1944, Dr. Crawford had taken an appointment in Wisconsin.

Since the county hospital was involved in the education of military medical students, the army procurement division immediately had assigned Dr. Echternacht and Dr. Campbell to cover the radiology work at the hospital. Also Dr. Aaron Sullenger, who had been deferred because of a medical disability, took his second year of apprenticeship residency in radiology at General Hospital. When the war ended, Dr. Echternacht left to enter private practice, and Dr. Campbell was appointed chief of radiology at the university hospitals. In 1947, Dr. Smith and Dr. Robb became active heads of the General Hospital radiology facility on a part-time basis, with Dr. Sullenger as a full-time assistant radiologist.

Dr. Campbell’s schedule involved working at I. U. until about 3:00 p.m. and then going over to General Hospital and helping Dr. Sullenger finish the fluoroscopy, therapy, and film interpretation each day. The standard workweek for salaried employees at that time was 44 hours, which included a half-day on Saturday. Some medical school classes were even held on Saturday mornings. Technicians’ schedules were rotated to cover night emergencies and emergencies on Sunday.

In order to avoid having to pay for a registered technician to take emergency X-rays at night and on the weekends, Dr. Campbell hired senior medical students to do this in return for free room and board. It was necessary for him, first of all, to give each of these students a four-

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Probably the fact that each chairman came into that position from years of experience within the department contributed to his success.

Three popular members of the radiology faculty retired in 1994, each of whom had worked 20 or more years in the I.U. department. Dr. Heun Yune and Dr. Vernon Vix had come to the medical school with Dr. Klatte. Dr. Glenn Moak had been recruited by Dr. Klatte in 1974 and soon became involved in a special medical student teaching program. To their show appreciation to these three valued radiologists, department members honored them with a formal farewell party.