The Einstein Hoax
by
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Chapter 4 - Does The Aether Exist? 4.1- Since the conclusion that the Aether does not exist is based upon unproven assertions on the part of key members of the community of physical scientists rather than upon evidence which would be admissible in a court of law, the subject must be examined with extreme care to guard against the possibility that evidence which would support its existence has not been knowingly or unknowingly suppressed. Remember, there are strong political reasons which act to bias the judgment of the academic community against the concept of the Aether. Determining whether the Aether exists requires asking questions which are readily answered by one interpretation, and which seem unanswerable by the other. Such questions encounter strong resistance when asked. In addition to those questions, experiments performed by quantum physicists have demonstrated the feasibility both of measuring the absolute velocity of an experimental setup through space and of communicating at velocities greater than the velocity of light. Achieving these results requires only minor modifications to their experimental arrangements. 4.2- How Does Light 'Know' How Fast to Travel?:- This question arises from the fact that the velocity of light is independent of the velocity of its source. Under the interpretation of reality provided by Special Relativity, light is considered to consist of particles called photons which travel ballistically through empty space. Under the interpretation provided by the Aether Relativity Theory, light consists of packets (photons) of electromagnetic vibration transmitted through a medium called the Aether. Since one would expect the velocity of ballistic particles to be affected by the velocity of their source, Special Relativity would seem to be incapable of dealing with this question. The Aether Relativity Theory, on the other hand, has no difficulty. The velocity of propagation of a vibration in a medium is determined by the properties of the medium and is independent of the velocity of its source. 4.3- Consider a car traveling down a road towards a target (Figure 4.1). On board the car is a man with a rifle. At the side of the road is another man with an identical rifle. At the instant that the man in the car passes the man at the side of the road, they both fire at the target. As expected, the velocity of the bullet fired from the car is increased by the car's velocity and it reaches the target before the bullet fired from the side of the road. The sounds of the shots travel together at the velocity of sound in air and reach the target at the same time. The bullets are material particles projected to the target and travel at different velocities. The sounds of the shots are vibrations traveling through a medium and travel at the same velocity. Consider next an analogous experiment (physically realizable) in which a rocket is passing Mars on its way to Earth. At the instant that the rocket passes Mars, a radio on the rocket and a radio on Mars send signals to the Earth. Along the whole path traveled by those signals, they remain side by side and they arrive at the Earth simultaneously. They travel together despite the fact that they were transmitted from sources having a velocity difference which could not be compensated at the transmitters since each transmitter was ignorant of the velocity of the other. Just as the simultaneous arrival of the bullets at the target in the preceding example would cause a reasonable man to suspect some form of chicanery, would not the same suspicions be aroused by the assertion of Special Relativity that photons travel ballistically through empty space at a velocity which is independent of the velocity of their source? It is difficult to envision a means by which the independence of their velocities from the velocities of their sources could occur unless photons were wavelike disturbances propagating through a medium. To date no explanations, other than the reliance on some form of magic, have been provided by the proponents of Special Relativity. Instead, they have shouted down the question whenever it was raised. 4.4- Why Does Light Travel at the Velocity of C?:- Current orthodoxy asserts that the Aether is not required to explain the propagation of light at its velocity of C. All that is required is the magnetic permeability, 4.5- How Does the Speed of a Clock After a Change in Velocity Compare with its Speed Before the Velocity Change:- Consider, if your will, the following physically realizable experiment performed in compliance with the mathematical predictions of Special Relativity Theory and/or the Aether Relativity Theory. There are two locations, perhaps the Earth (reference frame A) and Mars (reference frame B) as shown in Figure 4.2, which are traveling at a significant velocity, V, with respect to each other. Observers at each location measure the velocity of the other location using Doppler radar as +V and -V respectively. There are identical clocks at each location which have had their calibrations compared by radio signals. Because of the finite velocity of light, the relative velocity between the observers causes each of them to observe that the clock at the other location is running more slowly than his clock. A rocket ship is at rest on the Earth and contains an observer and a third identical clock. Both the observer on the Earth and the observer in the rocket ship find that their clocks are running at the same speed and that the clock on Mars is running more slowly. The observer on Mars observes that both the clock on the Earth and the clock in the rocket are running more slowly than his. The rocket then takes off and lands on Mars. The observers on the Earth, on Mars, and on the rocket measure that the velocity of the rocket has changed by +V. The observer on the Earth measures that the clock on the rocket has slowed and it now runs at the same speed as the clock on Mars. The observer on Mars measures that the clock on the rocket has sped up and now runs at the same speed as his clock. The observer on the rocket observes no change of the speed of his clock, but, observing that his velocity has changed by V, concludes that its speed actually did change as a result of his change in velocity and concludes that the change was concealed from him by the effects of the Lorentz Transformation for Time. 4.6- With respect to the speed of the clock, the observer on
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About the Book
Much of this book was written a long time ago when the author first became aware of the concepts of Special and General Relativity. At the time he assumed that the subject was well thought out and understood by people more knowledgeable and probably more intelligent than himself. His goal was to learn from them and to understand the phenomena that was being described. He could not, however, accept the prevalent idea that the workings of Nature were beyond the ability of mere mortals to understand at the 'common sense' level. As he studied the subject, he learned that this dictum was an intellectual 'con game' by men who were acting in the manner of a priesthood defending the 'true faith' rather than scientists and who, when challenged on points which a bright physics or engineering student would easily understand, showed a rather limited ability to reason and covered their limitations by asserting that it was the challenger's limitations which prevented understanding.
The dictum is not true, the mechanisms by which Nature operates are, for the most part, easily understood by reasonably bright (and interested) high school students, and the necessary mathematics and arguments to evaluate their validity of the are within knowledge of sophomore students of engineering and/or physics.(A knowledge of Integral Calculus, Elementary Physics, and Dimensional Analysis is all that is required for reader to check the material presented for himself.) It is the purpose of this book to make these mechanisms understandable to the general reader. This book contains three sections. The main section, 'The Einstein Hoax', starts with a description of the early history of Special and General Relativity and proceeds to show that the earlier published Lorentz Transformation-Aether Theory is, except for philosophical interpretation, identical to Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity and, in fact is a special case solution of that theory. As such, the Aether Theory must be a valid option if Special Relativity is to be considered valid. The Aether Theory, however, is easily understood in terms of 'common sense' while an examination of the conclusions of Special Relativity yield logical absurdities which no rational mind should be willing to accept.
But, fair is fair, the proof of a theory or its interpretation is, and should be, in the experimental evidence. Fortunately, experiments in the field of Quantum Physics have demonstrated that photons emitted as pairs are coupled by their 'quantum numbers' (in this case their direction of polarization) and changing the plane of polarization of one of the photons changes the plane of polarization of the other. The interesting conclusion of these experiments is that the velocity of that coupling is at least four times the velocity of light and may even be infinite. A minor modification of the experimental setup would allow the effect to be used to determine the absolute velocity of the laboratory through space to an accuracy of better than 400 miles per second. Since the interpretation associated with Special Relativity cannot tolerate the idea of an absolute velocity, we must revert to the Lorentz Transformation-Aether Theory because Dr. Einstein's interpretation of Space-Time falls on its face.
General Relativity is based upon the Principles of Relativity and of Equivalence, but a glance at its conclusions (the gravitational equivalents of the Lorentz Transformations for Velocity effects), shows that it erroneously yields results inconsistent with those principles. It yields a gravitational transformation for time which is not multiplicatively commutative (the property which allows Special Relativity to work) and yields a transformation for length of unity (the equivalent Lorentz Transformation for Length is the reciprocal of the Lorentz Transformation for Time). These deficiencies, which resulted from an error in mathematics which would not be tolerated if made by a freshman studying Calculus, led Dr. Einstein on a merry chase for about 18 months until he adapted the incomplete geometry of Riemann and concluded that space was curved. Unfortunately the resultant theory was relativistic and yielded results which appeared to work because the Sun's gravitational field is so weak (about a million times weaker than the field around a neutron star) and Relativistic Science was off and running, foolishly bringing us 'Black Holes', 'Singularities', 'Wormholes', etc. At the same time, while claiming to explain gravitation, General Relativity failed to explain the most significant gravitational effect, the source of gravitational energy and the force which holds you to your chair.
When one applies a few 'thought experiments' using readily tested and understood principles to the phenomena of gravitation, it is easy to derive gravitational transformations which actually are consistent with the Principles of Equivalence and Relativity. The result is surprisingly rich, a simple application (done after they had been derived and not before) of these transformations reveals the source of gravitational energy and its consistency with the absolute validity of the Law of Conservation of Energy in terms consistent with 'flat space', the reason why gravitational collapse is limited, and the inevitability of a Universe similar to our own being created within every object which approaches the 'black hole' radius. From inside of that object, it would appear, late in its history, to be an almost empty Universe expanding from a single point which 'inflated' into existence. (The author was completely surprised by these results.)
For those who wish to dig deeper, the author rigorously derived the nature of the gravitational field in the appendix 'Gravity' (copyrighted 1987). Unlike the 'The Einstein Hoax', it does not require the reader to take the author's word for anything. Every step is clearly spelled out both in words and in simple equations so that the reader can verify the conclusions for himself. Also included is a second appendix entitled 'Corrections to Residual Errors in Special Relativity'. This appendix derives the Lorentz Transformation for Transverse Force correctly, defines mass correctly so that Special Relativity can be used for accelerated reference frames, shows the location of kinetic energy, in so doing, reveals the nature of inertial mass.
I hope that you will read this book with an open mind and judge for yourself the validity of the conclusions. I do promise that it is closer to reality than current concepts and, if any reader can find a significant flaw, it will either be corrected or the book will be withdrawn. It is time to end the 'Einstein Hoax'.
About the Author
H. E. Retic (a penname chosen to protect his family from abuse by the academic community which postings to Newsgroups suggest would occur) is a retired Mechanical Engineer who graduated from Cornell University in 1948. The author first worked for the worlds largest manufacturer of public utility steam generators equipment and designed the oil firing equipment that is used unchanged today. In the mid 1950's, he switched to the military electronics field where, in a 9 month period, he designed and built the stable platform of the inertial guidance system used in the X-15 aircraft. Although his initial assignment was the mechanical design, he also designed its electronics when it became obvious that the electronic engineers assigned to the task did have the versatility to design circuitry based upon the emerging power transistor technology. In the late 1960's the author designed for sale to the Navy the first Low-Light Level Television System capable of operating from full daylight to the photon noise limit threshold without picture degradation. This was a goal that the Night Vision Laboratory at Ft. Belvoir had declared to be impossible after expending $150,000,000 with two major companies in the effort. The author achieved this result by the simple expedient of reading and understanding the data sheets for the components employed. Unfortunately for those involved, Low Light Level Television was made obsolete by infra-red technology and the achievement died. An investigation by Pentagon personnel as to how our company could succeed where the Night Vision Laboratories had failed led to the comment that 'the explanation is obviously correct but we still can't believe that the solution is that simple.' The author holds over 25 patents and in one year was granted 10% of the patents issued to a major military contractor having over 5000 employees. His overall list of patents range from fuel firing equipment through military electronic equipment (including a means for making the use of highly accurate navigation systems of ballistic missile submarines unnecessary) to a practical gear assisted continuously variable transmission for automobiles which would significantly improve fuel economy and reduce the size of engines required to achieve a given level of acceleration. To provide an intellectual outlet, the writer began to study gravitation in the mid 1960's and succeeded in deriving the material presented in the Appendix 'Gravity' using a rigorous method based upon easily tested and accepted principles and which avoided the use of sophisticated mathematics and the obfuscation and opportunity for error that its usage incurs. The availability of word processors in the 1980's made the writing of 'Gravity' practical and the availability of the Internet and the authors retirement made the publication of the 'The Einstein Hoax' practical in the mid 1990's.