Hulchul: The Common Ingredient of Motion and Time

This book is the outcome of an independent, theoretical research done at a slow pace over a long period by the author, Sohan Jain, to explore if there is an intrinsic, deeper relation between motion and time in the light of time dilation. His conclusion is: Yes. In the process, a mathematical framework is created to accommodate a different perspective of motion and time. Some of the concepts introduced in the book are:

A Different Perspective of Motion and Time

• We believe that motion and time are two sides of the same coin; the coin, here, is hulchul. What is hulchul? Literarily, hulchul is a common Hindi word, an abstract noun that means movement, commotion, hustle-bustle, agitation, any activity attracting one’s attention, with a wide variety of its connotations. Here, hulchul implies any kind of motion – internal, external, translational, rotational, vibrating, oscillating, multi-directional (explosive, implosive, and waves), chaos in motion, or a mix of them.



• Instants of Motion, Instants of Time and Time Outage: Just as time has instants of time, motion has instants of motion, too. Instants of time and motion can be divided into three classes: pure instants of time, pure instants of motion, and composite instants of time and motion. The sequences of the three types of instants are interspersed into a single sequence of their occurrences. A body does not experience time during pure instants of motion, a phenomenon called time outage. Time outage is not continuous; it is intermittent. Time outage appears to be the cause of time dilation.

• Inner/Outer Body Relationship: A constituent part b of a body B is an inner body of B, and B is an outer body of b. This relationship between b and B may be intermittent.
  
  
• External and Internal Motion of a Body: Suppose b is an inner body of B. Internal motion of the body B is the motion of all constituent parts (inner bodies) of B relative to each other. If b moves in B, then it is an external motion of b and a part of an internal motion of B. Internal motion and external motion are two views of the same motion.



• Inheritance of Motion: A body b goes wherever its outer bodies go. A body inherits the external motion of all its outer bodies and internal motion of all its inner bodies. Internal motion increases outer-body-ward; external motion increases inner-body-ward.
  
  
• The Four Types of Bodies: The U body – the universe as a whole. Elementary body – having no inner body. Phantom body – does not inherit motion of other bodies. Common body – all other bodies. Light and photons are examples of phantom bodies.
  
  
• Prime Ticks (P-Ticks) of a Body: Motion is not continuous; it is discrete. If a common body moves for an hour, it does not move at each instant of time during the hour. Motion of a body is perceived as divided into indivisible, smallest possible movements of the body, called prime ticks (p-ticks) of the body. P-ticks are to motion what elementary particle are to matter, or what photons are to light.
  
  
• Inheritance of P-ticks: In line with inheritance of motion, an inner body inherits external p-ticks of its outer bodies and an outer body inherits internal p-ticks of its inner bodies.
  
  
• Concurrency ticks (c-ticks) of a body: P-ticks are events. Events have concurrency. Concurrency events of p-ticks are called concurrency ticks (c-ticks).
  
  
• Prime Hulchul (P-Hulchul) of a body: A set of independent (not inherited) p-ticks of a body b is called a prime-hulchul (p-hulchul) of b.
  
  
• Concurrency Hulchul (C-Hulchul) of a Body: A set of c-ticks of a body b is called a concurrency hulchul (c-hulchul)

1. Instants of motion of a body b are the same as external c-ticks of b. Instants of time for b are the same as the internal c-ticks of b.



2. Wavy straight motion of faster moving bodies: Motion of faster moving bodies, such as a photons and elementary particles, is wavy straight rather than straight.



3. Principle of Relativity (for Motion) can be derived from the inheritance of motion.



4. Difference between slow and fast motion: A faster motion involves more p-ticks and c-ticks than a slower motion does.



5. Sharing of an electron by two atoms is not continuous; it is intermittent and alternates between the two atoms.



6. There is time only because there is motion: Motion is divided into p-ticks; p-ticks are events; events have concurrency; concurrency of events implies time. Therefore, motion implies time.



7. Proposition #1: Total c-hulchul (the sum of internal and external c-hulchuls) for all bodies is the same, no matter how small or large a body is. This means:The total c-hulchul is a universal constant, called hulchul constant.



8. Universal Time: The total internal c-hulchul of the U body is called the universal c-hulchul.
   Universal Time is precisely the universal c-hulchul.
   
   Body Specific Time: In line with universal time, body specific time of a body is the internal c-hulchul of the body b. Internal motion is akin to time for b; that is, if motion increases, then time decreases and vice-versa.



9. Convergence of the following three concepts into one and same concept:
   Density of universal c-hulchul
   Universal time
   Speed of light



10. Proposition #2: Internal c-hulchul of a common body b is less than 100% of the total c-hulchul of b except for tiny periods of time.
    
    Possible examples of bodies as consequences of Proposition #2:
    
    

    o A particle accelerator (PA): A PA can result in 100% internal c-hulchul only for tiny periods of time; this is to keep the internal c-hulchul of the PA below 100%.
    
    o Compartmentalized internal structure of an atom: This structure may be necessary to keep the internal c-hulchul of an atom below 100%.

11. Proposition #3: Light and photons do not inherit the motion of other bodies, nor do other bodies inherit motion of light and photon.