DEMOCRACY TODAY IN RUSSIA
INTRODUCTION
“The Russian people, Dostoyevsky once said, believe so fervently in an all powerful czar that this ideal is bound to influence the whole future course of our history.” Russia appears to have adopted an imitation of democracy. It is as if a veneer of legitimacy has been put on a variation of the strongman rule present in Russia for centuries whether under Peter the Great, Lenin or Putin.
A parliamentary election was held in December, 2007 in which many parties took part, but only United Russia (Mr. Vladimir Putin’s party) received glowing television news coverage and other government favors; it won in a landslide. Dmitri A. Medvedev, Putin’s aide was endorsed as the Presidential candidate and was assured of winning in March, 2008. However a day after Medvedev was endorsed, he announced that he wanted Putin to be his prime minister and thus Putin was able to keep substantial power even though he gave up the Presidency. Why did Putin go through the motions of a legitimate election? He could without doubt have persuaded the electorate to extend his term as President. In fact, legislation has now been introduced allowing the constitution to extend the presidential term. Putin appears in part to be motivated to need to be seen on the world stage, not simply as a dictator but rather a lawful popular representative of the Russian people.
Russians have shown no great hunger for Western style democracy. Polls confirm that there would be little dissent if Putin stayed on as president for another term. The Kremlin dominates television and has cracked down on the opposition. However a diversity of voices flourish in newspapers where criticism of Putin is not uncommon. Similarly criticism is found on the internet. Mikhail Khordorkovsky, an arch foe of Putin, is presently serving a jail sentence for fraud, but writes from his prison cell that “Putin certainly is no liberal and no democrat, but nontheless, he is more liberal and democratic than 70 percent of the population of our country.” Especially after the turmoil of the post communist years Russians have a tendency to be drawn to a strong leader. They crave stability, consumer goods and travel—things that were denied before.
Political structures in Russia are still developing. The rule of law is shaky and people in power do not have accountability. Thus the government is shaped by the leaders’ instincts about what the people expect and will bear.