While there may be lots of easy ways to deal with children’s misbehavior, none is likely to be effective with truly difficult problems and none provides an overall approach for dealing with the many challenges of everyday life with children.
When parents (or other parenting figures, including grandparents, foster parents, and other guardians) ask "What do I do when . . .?" they are reflecting three compelling facts of life:
· That doing a really good job of raising kids is as difficult as anything parents will ever do,
· That raising children is parents’ most important task, and
· That there is little agreement about how best to go about the business of child-rearing.
How true these statements are was clearly shown in a parent survey (discussed in more detail below) which revealed that:
· Most parents relied on some combination of verbal reprimands, restrictions of activities, and spanking in response to inappropriate behavior,
· Over two-thirds of the parents realized that their approaches did not really work,
· Most of the remaining third found that their "successes" did not lead to lasting changes in behavior, and
· Few parents recognized that positive responses to their kids’ appropriate behavior actually has a major role in discipline.
These survey findings provide a discouraging picture of parents working hard to guide their children while relying almost exclusively on punishment which they, themselves, reported doesn’t produce lasting changes in behavior.
Fortunately, when focused well, efforts to provide children with appropriate discipline can produce much more constructive results. My work with parenting classes showed that children respond to parental guidance almost from birth, as part of a natural developmental sequence, discussed at length below. By being aware of the process, parents can build an effective and loving overall approach to parenting, a positive approach that does not depend upon negative reactions from parents.
In fact, in keeping with what parents report from their own experience, a major operating principle of this book is that "discipline" and "punishment" are not the same thing. This principle is based on a great deal of evidence indicating that:
· Punishment is largely ineffective in changing behavior,
· When it does seem to work, the effects don’t last very long,
· Punishment is least effective with kids most in need of help in controlling their own behavior,
· Often punishment distracts parents from their original expectations, so that their kids may serve their penalty and avoid their responsibilities,
· Punishment causes unnecessary and counter-productive anger and frustration in parent-child relationships, and
· Surprisingly often, punishment actually works against the intended goal by rewarding children with attention and a sense of control during inappropriate behavior, making them more, rather than less, likely to misbehave again.
Since punishment is generally ineffective, the central challenge for parents is to understand what does contribute to constructive outcomes in child-rearing, and then to apply that understanding in day-to-day interactions with their children. This book is intended to provide parents with the required understanding, along with a detailed and practical guide for establishing a home program for teaching children discipline.